TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Distance Measures
• Area Measures
• Volume Measures
• Weight Measures

Distance What it was Other Roman Measurement Equivalent English/Metric Equivalent Mille passus or milia passuum Roman Mile 1000 passus 1618.5 yds or 1480 m Actus (pl. actus) Land surveying measurement equivalent to the distance that oxen pulling a plow would be driven before turning 120 pedes 116' 6" or 35.51 m Passus ("pace"; pl. passus) Closest Roman approximation to our yard or meter measurement 5 pedes 4' 10.25" or apx 1.48 m Pes (pl. pedes) Roman Foot 12 unciae Apx 11.65" or 29.6 cm during the Late Roman Republic. Evolved to 11.5" or 29.4 cm during the Empire Uncia (pl. unciae) Roman Inch None .958" or 2.43 cm Stadium (pl. stadia) Distance measure at sea 125 passus apx 607' or 185 m Area What it was Other Roman Measurement Equivalent English/Metric Equivalent Centuria (pl. centuriae) Roman land area measure corresponding to the normal area taken up by a Century of Roman Legionaries 100 heredia 124.6 acres or 506,000 sq. meters Heredium (pl. heredia) Roman land area measure 2 Jugera 1.246 acres or 5060 sq. meters Jugerum (pl. jugera) Roman land area measure; the area a yoke of two oxen could plow in a day 28,800 pedes quadrans (sq. Roman feet) 5/8 of an acre or 2530 sq. meters Actus quadrans ("square driving") or acnua Roman land area measure 14,400 pedes quadrans (sq. Roman feet) .312 acres or .126 hectares Volume What it was Other Roman Measurement Equivalent English/Metric Equivalent Amphora (pl. amphorae) Liquid volume measure; cubic Roman Foot; derived from the term for the earthenware vessels used to store and transport liquids 8 congii apx 6.8 gals or 25.79 liters Congius (pl. congii) Liquid volume measure 12 heminae apx .85 gals or 3.22 liters Sextarius (pl. sextarii) Liquid volume measure 2 heminae apx 1.14 pint or .546 liters Hemina (pl. heminae) Liquid volume measure apx .57 pints or .273 liters Modius (pl. modii) Dry volume measure apx 1 peck Liquid volume measure 16 sextarii 2.4 gals or 8.732 liters Ligula ( pl. ligulae) or cochlear ("spoonful"; pl. cochleara) or cochlea ("snail shell"; pl. cochleae) Smallest unit of liquid measure none .34 fluid ounce or 1.14 centiliters Weight What it was Other Roman Measurement Equivalent English/Metric Equivalent Libra ("balance"; pl. librae) or As Roman Pound 12 unciae apx 3/4 pound or 335.9g Uncia (pl. uncia) Roman Ounce none apx 1 ounce or 28g Notes: The amphora was the unit used to determine the shipping weight for sea transport

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